Lacteos y acne, porque?

Acnegenic properties of milk and dairy products were explained via several mechanisms. Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Harrison et al. [60] have shown that milk and dairy significantly elevate IGF-1 concentration. Milk and dairy products contain IGF-1 that is not hydrolyzed by gut enzymes and lead to plasma IGF-1 elevation [24]. In addition, casein content of milk and dairy prod- ucts stimulates hepatic IGF-1 release [61], subsequently raise plasma IGF-1 level that in a way that both exogenous and endoge- nous IGF-1 stimulate sebocytes resulting to acne development [24]. Studies have shown that milk and dairy intake through IGF-1/ phosphinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway modulates Forkhead box transcription factor (Fox) O1 expression and causes acne occurrence [25,26,33,34]. FoxO1 is responsible for regulation of acne-related genes and sebaceous gland secretion and up- regulation of FoxO1 play an important role in acne management [33]. Moreover, FoxO1 is a modulator of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) which in involved in sebocytes activation and acnegenesis. More- over, milk augments branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels that stimulate mTOR activity [61]. IGF-1 also increases androgen re- ceptors and testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production that leads to greater androgen activity and stimulation of follicle cells growth, and subsequently acne occurrence [14,62,63]. More- over, milk and dairy products contain sex-hormones derivatives such as estrogen, progesterone, androgen, androstenedione, dihy- drotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and 5a- reduced steroids that have acnegenesis properties. They are rich in glucocorticoides, transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) and neutral thyrotrophin-releasing hormone like peptides that may influence on sebocytes [8,11,64]. It has also been stated that iodine exist in milk and dairy may agitate acne creation [8].
specially micrRNA-148a that sup- presses DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and promote androgen signaling and androgen receptor activity. Fermentation process by enhancement probiotic bacteria which destroys milk exosomes reduces milk microRNAs and prevents acne development [43]. In addition, it is likely that this process alters functional molecules and hormones concentration of yogurt and cheese that may attenuate acne development [32]. Fermentation process reduces IGF-1 level of yogurt and cheese which may show the absence of relationship between yogurt/cheese and acne occurrence [37].


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Benjamin Hidalgo-Matlock
Skin Care Physicians of Costa Rica

Clinica Victoria en San Pedro: 4000-1054
Momentum Escazu: 2101-9574

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