Increased Oral Propranolol Dosage for Infantile Hemangiomas

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• In this retrospective study, patients treated with propranolol for infantile hemangioma at 2 mg/kg/day versus 2.5 mg/kg/day dosing were compared. Patients receiving the higher dose trended toward having a higher hemangioma severe scale score (11.6 vs 10.4, P = .152), mean length (4.6 cm vs 3.7 cm, P = .178), higher percentage of mixed component tumors (65.9% vs 33.3%, P < .001), and later age at onset (226 days vs 148 days, P = .070). Patients receiving the higher propranolol dose had a mean change in hemangioma activity score of less than 1 point (overall, -0.70, P < .001). Patients treated with the higher dose of propranolol were also more likely to have completed plastic surgery referrals than those treated with the standard dose (24.4% vs 4.9%, P < .001).

• In this study, infantile hemangiomas treated with an increased dose of propranolol (2.5 mg/kg) did not have improved outcomes compared with those treated with a standard dose (2 mg/kg). This finding may have been confounded by hemangioma size, deep component, and age at presentation. However, the authors suggest that the therapeutic benefit of increased propranolol dosing may be limited.

– Margaret Hammond, MD

BACKGROUND

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumor of infancy. Although oral propranolol is currently first-line therapy, optimal dosing for treatment of IH remains debated. We sought to identify hemangioma characteristics associated with poor response to standard dosing (2 mg/kg/d) and to assess the therapeutic benefit of higher dosing.

METHODS

Retrospective chart review was conducted of 559 patients with IH seen at Johns Hopkins between 2008 and 2018, of whom 245 (44%) were treated with propranolol. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients who received increased propranolol dosing (≥2.5 mg/kg/d) and those who remained on standard dose (2 mg/kg/d). Changes in the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) during the increased dosage period were scored by two trained, blinded pediatric dermatologists.

RESULTS

Of 245 patients, 204 (83%) received standard 2 mg/kg/d propranolol dosing while 41 (17%) received a higher dose of ≥2.5 mg/kg/d. The most common location of IH in both groups was the face. In the increased dosage group, 85.4% of IH were of mixed or deep morphology with a mean greatest diameter of 4.6 cm. IH requiring increased dosing received longer courses of propranolol (mean of 389 vs. 282 days, P < .001) and underwent higher rates of excision by plastic surgery (26.8% vs. 5.9%, P < .001). Mean change in HAS over the period with dosage ≥2.5 mg/kg/d was minimal (-0.70; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Most recalcitrant IH were located on the face, larger in diameter, and of mixed or deep morphology. Patients had little improvement in HAS score with increased propranolol dosing implemented late in the treatment course with over one-fourth ultimately receiving surgical excision.

Pediatric Dermatology

Retrospective Case Series of Increased Oral Propranolol Dosage for Infantile Hemangiomas

Pediatr Dermatol 2020 Aug 31;[EPub Ahead of Print], AH Huang, D Mannschreck, P Aggarwal, M Mahon, BA Cohen 

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Benjamin Hidalgo-Matlock
Skin Care Physicians of Costa Rica

Clinica Victoria en San Pedro: 4000-1054
Momentum Escazu: 2101-9574

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